The Aravalli Range, stretching across Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, and Delhi, is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India. Its ecological significance cannot be overstated—it serves as a natural barrier against desertification, regulates groundwater recharge, and supports diverse flora and fauna. Despite its critical role, the Aravallis face growing threats from urbanization, illegal mining, deforestation, and encroachment. Over the years, the Indian government has implemented various policies and conservation initiatives to protect this vital ecosystem. But the question remains: are these measures sufficient?
Government Policies on Aravalli Conservation
Several government policies aim to preserve the Aravalli hills. The National Wildlife Action Plan (2017–2031) emphasizes conserving natural habitats, including hills and forests, and protecting endangered species. Additionally, the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, regulates deforestation and land diversion in forested areas, while the Environment Protection Act, 1986, imposes strict regulations on activities that could harm natural ecosystems. Several state governments, particularly in Haryana and Rajasthan, have enacted laws restricting mining in environmentally sensitive zones of the Aravalli Range. In Delhi, the Delhi High Court has also played a crucial role in halting illegal construction and quarrying in the Aravallis.
Conservation Efforts in Action
Beyond policies, various conservation efforts have been launched. Reforestation and afforestation projects aim to restore degraded areas. NGOs and community groups have initiated campaigns to remove invasive species and plant native trees, improving biodiversity. Protected areas like the Sariska Tiger Reserve and Sultanpur National Park also provide some level of safeguarding for the wildlife in the Aravallis. Public awareness programs have encouraged local communities to participate in conservation, fostering a sense of shared responsibility for these hills.
Are These Measures Enough?
Despite these efforts, the Aravalli Range continues to face significant challenges. Illegal mining remains rampant, particularly in areas outside protected zones, destroying hills and polluting groundwater. Urban sprawl in Delhi and Gurugram encroaches on forested land, fragmenting habitats and reducing green cover. Enforcement of existing laws is often weak due to bureaucratic hurdles, political pressure, and lack of coordination between central and state authorities. While government policies and community initiatives are steps in the right direction, the scale and pace of threats suggest that much more needs to be done.
Way Forward
Protecting the Aravalli Range requires a multi-pronged approach. Stricter enforcement of environmental laws, comprehensive land-use planning, and transparent monitoring of mining activities are essential. Community-led initiatives should be scaled up, and public awareness campaigns must highlight the critical ecological and economic value of the hills. Additionally, integrating sustainable urban development with conservation efforts can help ensure that cities grow without compromising this ancient ecosystem.
In conclusion, while government policies and conservation efforts have made some progress, they are far from sufficient. Immediate, coordinated action from authorities, NGOs, and citizens is crucial to safeguard the Aravalli Range for future generations.